Понимание, видение и репрезентация времени в темпографии
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Шеллер В. К., Семенова В. В. (Перев), Тартаковская И. Н. (Перев). Понимание, видение и репрезентация времени в темпографии // Интеракция. Интервью. Интерпретация. 2020. Том 12. № 4. С. 9-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/inter.2020.12.4.1
Аннотация
Опираясь на исследование недавно созданного кардиологического отделения, в этой статье описано, как этнографы понимают, видят и репрезентируют время. Предыдущие обсуждения времени в контексте этнографии в основном вращались вокруг выбора подходящего времени (темпоральности) при написании текста, и некоторые исследования пытались разработать основу для проведения организационной этнографии, ориентированной на время, то есть темпографии. В статье утверждается, что осуществление стратегии темпографии требует рассмотрения нескольких фаз исследовательского процесса: как мы понимаем время в рамках теоретического подхода, как мы видим время через призму разных качественных методов, как мы представляем время при написании текстов. Рассматриваются эмпирические данные, иллюстрирующие, насколько различными способами время может вторгаться в процесс этнографических исследований, например, в дневники наблюдений, через посредство изображений и нарративов, которые содержат различные концептуализации времени, через рассказы пациентов о траекториях их лечения, а также этнографические описания работы специалистов. Делается вывод о том, что этнографам необходимо учитывать: 1) методологическое осознание темпоральности как признание сосуществующих временных режимов в качественных данных; 2) аналитическое осмысление практик темпоральности как понимание времени и темпоральности через различные теоретические концепции; и 3) совмещение различных темпоральностей с целью представления различных точек зрения в этнографических работах.
Ключевые слова:
темпоральность, этнография, исследования организаций, объекты времени, темпоральная работа, траектории, темпография
Литература
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Czarniawska B. Shadowing, and Other Techniques for Doing Fieldwork in Modern Societies. Copenhagen: Liber, Copenhagen Business School Press, Universitetsforlaget, 2007.
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Fabian J. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Constructs Its Object. NY: Columbia University Press, 1983.
Glaser B.G., Strauss A.L. Time for Dying. Chicago: Aldine, 1968.
Hammersley M., Atkinson P. Ethnography: Principles in Practice. 3rd ed. L.: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203944769
Harvey D.C. Waiting in the Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans: A Case Study of the Tempography of Hyper-Marginalization // Symbolic Interaction. 2015. Vol. 38. № 4. P. 539–556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.185
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Jarzabkowski P., Bednarek R., Lê J.K. Producing Persuasive Findings: Demystifying Ethnographic Textwork in Strategy and Organization Research // Strategic Organization. 2014. Vol. 12. № 4. P. 274–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554575
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Moreira T. How to Investigate the Temporalities of Health // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.203
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Orlikowski W.J. Sociomaterial Practices: Exploring Technology at Work // Organization Studies. 2007. Vol. 28. № 9. P. 1435–1448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607081138
Orlikowski W.J. Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations // Organization Science. 2000. Vol. 11. № 4. P. 404–428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.404.14600
Orlikowski W.J., Scott S.V. 10 Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization // The Academy of Management Annals. 2008. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 433–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211644
Orlikowski W.J., Yates J. It's About Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations // Organization Science. 2002. Vol. 13. № 6. P. 684–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.6.684.501
Pedersen A.R. Moving away from Chronological Time: Introducing the Shadows of Time and Chronotopes as New Understandings of “Narrative Time” // Organization. 2009. Vol. 16. № 3. P. 389–406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508409102302
Pedersen A.R., Humle D.M. Doing Organizational Ethnography: A Focus on Polyphonic Ways of Organizing. NY: Routledge, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315677279
Pedersen A.R., Johansen M.B. Strategic and Everyday Innovative Narratives: Translating Ideas into Everyday Life in Organizations // Innovation Journal. 2012. Vol. 17. № 1. P. 2–19.
Reinecke J., Ansari S. When Times Collide: Temporal Brokerage at the Intersection of Markets and Developments // Academy of Management Journal. 2015. Vol. 58. № 2. P. 618–648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.1004
Rosa H. Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. NY: Columbia University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/rosa14834
Schilling E. “Success is Satisfaction with What You Have”? Biographical Work-Life Balance of Older Female Employees in Public Administration // Gender, Work and Organization. 2015. Vol. 22. № 5. P. 474–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12097
Schultz M., Hernes T. A Temporal Perspective on Organizational Identity // Organization Science. 2012. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0731
Strauss A.L. et al. Social Organization of Medical Work. 2nd ed. Piscataway: Transaction, 1997.
Timmermans S. Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage: The Emergence of a Discovery Trajectory // Science, Technology & Human Values. 1999. Vol. 24. № 2. P. 213–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399902400202
Timmermans S. Mutual Tuning of Multiple Trajectories // Symbolic Interaction. 1998. Vol. 21. № 4. P. 425–440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1998.21.4.425
Wall R. “Natural”, “Normal”: Discourse and Practice at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, 1880–1920 // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.208
Waterworth S. Temporal Reference Frameworks and Nurses' Work Organization // Time & Society. 2003. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 41–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463x03012001362
Waterworth S. Time and Change in Health Care // Leadership in Health Services. 2017. Vol. 30. № 4. P. 354–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/lhs-08-2016-0038
Willis E.M. The Problem of Time in Ethnographic Health Care Research // Qualitative Health Research. 2010. Vol. 20. № 4. P. 556–564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310361243
Yakura E.K. Charting Time: Timelines as Temporal Boundary Objects // Academy of Management Journal. 2002. Vol. 45. № 5. P. 956–970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/3069324
Zerubavel E. Hidden Rhythms: Schedules and Calendars in Social Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
Zerubavel E. Patterns of Time in Hospital Life: A Sociological Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
Adam B. Timewatch: The Social Analysis of Time. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.
Atkinson P., Hammersley M. Ethnography and Participant Observation // Handbook of Qualitative Research / Ed. by N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. P. 248–261.
Auyero J., Swistun D. Tiresias in Flammable Shantytown: Toward a Tempography of Domination // Sociological Forum. 2009. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.01084.x
Barley S.R. On Technology, Time, and Social Order: Technically Induced Change in the Temporal Organization of Radiological Work // Making Time: Ethnographies of High-Technology Organizations / Ed. by F.A. Dubinskas. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988. P. 123–169.
Bergman M.M. Conference Essay: The Broad and the Narrow in Ethnography on Organisations // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2003. Vol. 4. № 1. Art. 23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-4.1.766
Birth K.K. Objects of Time: How Things Shape Temporality. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137017895
Bobys R.S. Reviewed Work(s): Patterns of Time in Hospital Life: A Sociological Perspective by Eviatar Zerubavel // Social Forces. 1980. Vol. 59. № 2. P. 581–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/59.2.581
Clarke V., Braun V., Hayfield N. Thematic Analysis // Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods / Ed. by J.A. Smith. 3rd ed. L.: Sage, 2015. P. 222–248.
Czarniawska B. Shadowing, and Other Techniques for Doing Fieldwork in Modern Societies. Copenhagen: Liber, Copenhagen Business School Press, Universitetsforlaget, 2007.
Dawson P. Reflections: On Time, Temporality and Change in Organizations // Journal of Change Management. 2014a. Vol. 14. № 3. P. 285–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2014.886870
Dawson P. Temporal Practices: Time and Ethnographic Research in Changing Organizations // Journal of Organizational Ethnography. 2014b. Vol. 3. № 2. P. 130–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/joe-05-2012-0025
Fabian J. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Constructs Its Object. NY: Columbia University Press, 1983.
Glaser B.G., Strauss A.L. Time for Dying. Chicago: Aldine, 1968.
Hammersley M., Atkinson P. Ethnography: Principles in Practice. 3rd ed. L.: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203944769
Harvey D.C. Waiting in the Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans: A Case Study of the Tempography of Hyper-Marginalization // Symbolic Interaction. 2015. Vol. 38. № 4. P. 539–556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.185
Hernes T. Process as the Becoming of Temporal Trajectory // The Sage Handbook of Process Organization Studies / Ed. by A. Langley, H. Tsoukas. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2017. P. 601–607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957954.n38
Jarzabkowski P., Bednarek R., Lê J.K. Producing Persuasive Findings: Demystifying Ethnographic Textwork in Strategy and Organization Research // Strategic Organization. 2014. Vol. 12. № 4. P. 274–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127014554575
Jensen T.E. Witnessing The Future // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.200
Kaplan S., Orlikowski W.J. Temporal Work in Strategy Making // Organization Science. 2013. Vol. 24. № 4. P. 965–995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0792
Kozin A. On Making Legal Emergency: Law Office at its Most Expeditious // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.202
McGivern G. et al. The Silent Politics of Temporal Work: A Case Study of a Management Consultancy Project to Redesign Public Health Care // Organization Studies. 2018. Vol. 39. № 8. P. 1007–1030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840617708004
Moreira T. How to Investigate the Temporalities of Health // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.203
Nowotny H. Time: The Modern and Postmodern Experience. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994.
Orlikowski W.J. Sociomaterial Practices: Exploring Technology at Work // Organization Studies. 2007. Vol. 28. № 9. P. 1435–1448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607081138
Orlikowski W.J. Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations // Organization Science. 2000. Vol. 11. № 4. P. 404–428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.404.14600
Orlikowski W.J., Scott S.V. 10 Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization // The Academy of Management Annals. 2008. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 433–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211644
Orlikowski W.J., Yates J. It's About Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations // Organization Science. 2002. Vol. 13. № 6. P. 684–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.6.684.501
Pedersen A.R. Moving away from Chronological Time: Introducing the Shadows of Time and Chronotopes as New Understandings of “Narrative Time” // Organization. 2009. Vol. 16. № 3. P. 389–406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508409102302
Pedersen A.R., Humle D.M. Doing Organizational Ethnography: A Focus on Polyphonic Ways of Organizing. NY: Routledge, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315677279
Pedersen A.R., Johansen M.B. Strategic and Everyday Innovative Narratives: Translating Ideas into Everyday Life in Organizations // Innovation Journal. 2012. Vol. 17. № 1. P. 2–19.
Reinecke J., Ansari S. When Times Collide: Temporal Brokerage at the Intersection of Markets and Developments // Academy of Management Journal. 2015. Vol. 58. № 2. P. 618–648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.1004
Rosa H. Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. NY: Columbia University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/rosa14834
Schilling E. “Success is Satisfaction with What You Have”? Biographical Work-Life Balance of Older Female Employees in Public Administration // Gender, Work and Organization. 2015. Vol. 22. № 5. P. 474–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12097
Schultz M., Hernes T. A Temporal Perspective on Organizational Identity // Organization Science. 2012. Vol. 24. № 1. P. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0731
Strauss A.L. et al. Social Organization of Medical Work. 2nd ed. Piscataway: Transaction, 1997.
Timmermans S. Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage: The Emergence of a Discovery Trajectory // Science, Technology & Human Values. 1999. Vol. 24. № 2. P. 213–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399902400202
Timmermans S. Mutual Tuning of Multiple Trajectories // Symbolic Interaction. 1998. Vol. 21. № 4. P. 425–440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1998.21.4.425
Wall R. “Natural”, “Normal”: Discourse and Practice at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, 1880–1920 // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. 2007. Vol. 8. № 1. Art. 17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-8.1.208
Waterworth S. Temporal Reference Frameworks and Nurses' Work Organization // Time & Society. 2003. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 41–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463x03012001362
Waterworth S. Time and Change in Health Care // Leadership in Health Services. 2017. Vol. 30. № 4. P. 354–363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/lhs-08-2016-0038
Willis E.M. The Problem of Time in Ethnographic Health Care Research // Qualitative Health Research. 2010. Vol. 20. № 4. P. 556–564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310361243
Yakura E.K. Charting Time: Timelines as Temporal Boundary Objects // Academy of Management Journal. 2002. Vol. 45. № 5. P. 956–970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/3069324
Zerubavel E. Hidden Rhythms: Schedules and Calendars in Social Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
Zerubavel E. Patterns of Time in Hospital Life: A Sociological Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
Статья
Поступила: 01.10.2020
Опубликована: 25.12.2020
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Шеллер, В. К., Семенова, В. В., & Тартаковская, И. Н. (2020). Понимание, видение и репрезентация времени в темпографии. Интеракция. Интервью. Интерпретация, 12(4), 9-33. https://doi.org/10.19181/inter.2020.12.4.1
Раздел
Теоретические дискурсы и дискуссии
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